Category: Dog Articles
Playful, robust, and funny looking, the Bull Terrier is a breed that has changed its’ preconceived notions throughout the ages. Hailing from England, the Bull Terrier has a dark past. Its’ ancestors, the Bulldogs, were originally bred to fight Bulls for spectator sports until England banned the blood sport. This …
Small, smart, and sensitive, the Brussels Griffon is a toy dog with a big personality. Also known as a Griffon Bruxellois or “Griff” for short, these dogs originated from Brussels, Belgium. Originally bred to keep the rat population in check for horse stables, the ancestors of the modern Brussels Griffon …
The Sealyham Terrier is an independent and outgoing hunting dog known for their long, cascading coat. Originating in southwestern Wales in the late 1800s, Sealyham Terriers were bred to hunt otters, which were considered pests at the time. The breed is named after the Sealy Ham estate on the Seal …
The Scottish Terrier is an independent and confident hunting dog best known for their persistent and human-like spirit. Originating in the Scottish Highlands, the Scottie is the oldest of the Highland terriers and one of the oldest British dog breeds. They were bred to hunt rats, foxes and badgers. Scotties …
The Irish Red and White Setter is a spirited and athletic breed best known for their hunting prowess and hard-working nature. The breed originated in Ireland around 400 years ago and predates the all-red Irish Setter by about 200 years. They are are a bit smaller and stockier than the …
The Gordon Setter is an athletic and affectionate breed best known for their hunting skills and flowing coat. The breed originated in Scotland almost 200 years ago. They are one of four different setter breeds, whose job was to sniff out game birds and lay down quietly, or “set”, went …
The English Setter is an elegant and mellow breed best known for its show-stopping beauty. The breed originated in England 400-500 years ago. Their job was to sniff out game birds and lay down quietly, or “set”, when they located one. There are four different setter breeds, but the English …
The inexhaustible Spanish Water Dog is a dual-purpose breed whose hallmark is a coat of wooly curls. Used as both a herder and waterfowl retriever in his homeland, this rustic charmer is a lively family companion and vigilant watchdog. The versatile Spanish Water Dog has been a fixture of the …
The Welsh Springer Spaniel is a vigorous, medium-sized bird dog of happy disposition, known for versatility in the field, and companionability at home. According to leading authorities, Welshies are the oldest of Britain’s spaniels, descendants of the original spaniels of the Iberian Peninsula (the word spaniel is derived from “Spaniard”). …
Sometime in the 1700s, sportsmen in the English county of Sussex developed a spaniel whose short legs and burly torso were perfectly suited to hunting feathered game while plowing through the region’s heavy clay soil, dense underbrush, and thick hedgerows. Because the dog was built so low and the cover …
The tallest of the AKC’s spaniels, the Irish Water Spaniel (IWS) is instantly recognizable by its crisply curled coat and tapering “rat tail.” Among the champion swimmers, the alert and inquisitive IWS is hardworking and brave in the field, and playfully affectionate at home. In the 1830s, Justin McCarthy, from …
Well into the 1800s, several British spaniels used by hunters were not classified by breed, as they are today; they were organized by size and job description. Any particular type of spaniel, born of Cocker, English Springer, and Sussex crosses, was designated as the Field Spaniel. Dedicated fans of the …
Masters of Hounds in 17th century Britain created the English Foxhound by crossing larger stag-hunting hounds and taller, greyhound-type hounds. This meld of nose and endurance with speed and agility formed the perfect hound for hunting the red fox, a popular pastime among the British nobility. Traditional British foxhunts were …
Also known as the Bordeaux Mastiff or French Mastiff, the Dogue de Bordeaux is one of the most ancient French breeds, making identification of their origin nearly impossible. One prevailing theory is that the Dogue de Bordeaux’s ancestors were brought to France by Julius Caesar in the first century B.C. …
The Doberman Pinscher was created around 1890 by Louis Dobermann, a taxman from Apolda, Germany. Louis wanted to create a dog that could accompany him on his rounds collecting taxes to provide protection from the sometimes-hostile reception he received. The tax collector strove to breed an imposing and loyal protector …
The Dandie Dinmont Terrier originated sometime around 1700 in the Cheviot Hills between England and Scotland. The breed was created to work on farms as an exterminator of vermin such as otters, badgers, and rodents. In 1815 Sir Walter Scott, a renowned Scottish novelist, wrote Guy Mannering, a novel in …
From 101 Dalmatians to sitting on the Anheuser-Busch wagon, Dalmatians have permeated popular culture. Their origins though remain unsolved. Images of spotted dogs have existed through the ages across parts of Africa, Asia, and Europe. The most commonly-accepted origin of the Dalmatian is Dalmatia, a region of Croatia, where the …
The Siberian Husky is a medium-sized sled dog, bred to work in packs. Prized for their loyal, friendly nature, The Sibe is ranked 14th of 193 breeds by the American Kennel Club. One look at the Siberian Husky and you think cold, northern region. Indeed, the Siberian Husky’s ancestors came …
With a name that means “little lion” in Chinese, you might expect something more fierce. However, the Shih Tzu is more comfortable in your lap looking cute than outside prowling for prey. This adorable little dog was bred solely to be a companion and is ranked 20th out of 193 …
The Shiba Inu is an ancient Japanese breed that has been increasing in popularity since it first arrived in America 60 years ago. Today, it is the 44th ranked breed of 193 by the American Kennel Club. The Shiba Inu is new to America, but it is said to have …
The Shetland Sheepdog, known affectionately as the Sheltie, is an always-smiling, intelligent dog that has long been a family favorite. Known for being an energetic, obedient herder, the Shetland is ranked 25th out of 193 breeds by the American Kennel Club. Shetland Sheepdogs come from the northernmost part of the …
The Irish Setter, sometimes referred to as a Red Setter or Sotar Rua (Irish for Red Setter), is a gorgeous gundog with an active and sweet personality. Irish Setters are ranked 77th out of 193 breeds by the American Kennel Club. Setters were first bred in the 1700s by Irish …
The American Foxhound is the first and most noble American hunting dog. Born of the American Revolution and developed by the gentries of both England and France for hunting foxes, the lineage of the State Dog of Virginia dates back 700 years. Englishman Robert Brooke first brought his ancestral hunting …
The crisply coated Scottish Deerhound, “Royal Dog of Scotland,” is a majestically large coursing hound struck from the ancient Greyhound template. Among the tallest of dog breeds, the Deerhound was bred to stalk the giant wild red deer. The breed is so old, the American Kennel Club can’t separate the …
Schipperkes are small dogs built for hard work. Curious, lively, and intense but mischievous, this little black dog is a robust, long-lived companion for whom there is never a dull moment. Schips were created as ratters and watchdogs in late medieval Belgium. The breed earned its fame as shipboard exterminators …
The name Samoyed comes from the Samoyede, a semi-nomadic people from Asia who migrated to Siberia a thousand years ago. They bred dogs for hard work in the coldest habitable places on earth. In the Siberian town of Oymyakon, for instance, temperatures falling to minus-60 degrees are common. When not …
The Saluki is among the oldest dog breeds. Experts tell us Salukis might go as far back as 7000 b.c. Like other sighthounds, Salukis were special favorites of kings, Egyptian pharaohs, Alexander the Great, and on through history. The breed today is remarkably similar in shape and personality to its …
Upbeat, lively, inquisitive, and friendly, the joyful Russell Terrier (aka Jack Russell Terrier) originated in England, however, Australia has been designated as the country of development for the breed. The Russell Terrier was developed for use in the sport of foxhunting; their handy size, small flexible chest, short legs, strong …
Graceful and regal, the elegant Borzoi looks more suited to laying on the credenza of a Roaring 20s Hollywood mansion than coursing wolves across the Russian steppe, but that is just what he was born to do. At one time, wolf hunting was the favorite sport of the Russian rulers, …
The upbeat Border Terrier is beloved among breed enthusiasts and pet owners alike. Shepherds of the past needed a dog that could defend their flocks against the wily fox. They needed a dog with legs long enough to give chase, but an animal small enough to dig into the fox’s …
Developed along the Scottish borders (hence the name), the Border Collie is easily one of the most recognizable working dogs on the planet. With their intense gaze and athletic body, these affectionate dogs are most happy using their plentiful energy working in some way, whether it be herding sheep or …
Intimidating in appearance, the astute Boerboel was developed in South Africa as a guardian for the homestead. Translated to English, the name means “farmer’s dog”, which correctly defines its use by Dutch and German settlers who began migrating to Africa in the 1600s. Used to protect the home and farm …
Relentless in the pursuit of game, yet sweet and affectionate in the arms of his family, the Bluetick Coonhound is a delightful combination of working hound and devoted pet. This loyal hunter is an American native, some say tracing back to George Washington’s stag hounds. Although originally bred to track …
Norfolk Terriers, otherwise known as Norfolks, live up to the Terrier name. They are feisty and confident little things that are immensely loyal and are always up for adventure. Despite their small size, they are quite sturdy and act as if they were a much larger breed. In the early …
This sweet, patient, devoted, and downright adorable breed has been turning heads since the 1800s. In fact, it was a Newfoundland named Seaman that helped Lewis and Clark during their 8,000-mile journey across the American continent. Today, Seaman is depicted in 10 different Lewis and Clark monuments across the country …
Sweet and loyal to family members yet wary of strangers, the Neapolitan Mastiff is a huge, astounding breed built for guarding. The Neapolitan Mastiff, also known as the “Mastino”, has intimidated intruders since ancient Rome. In fact, Mastinos may have been around since 700 B.C., as depicted in several ancient …
An overall friendly, smart, and obedient breed, the Miniature Schnauzer ranks highly as one of America’s most popular dog breeds. A member of the Terrier group, the Miniature Schnauzer is the smallest of the three Schnauzer breeds, and his adorable personality makes him the ideal family dog. This breed originated …
A member of the Toy dog group, the Miniature Pinscher, or “Min Pin” is known as the “King of Toys” due to his proud and fearless temperament. Many breed historians accept the idea that Miniature Pinschers are a mix of the Dachshund and Italian Greyhound breeds (or possibly the German …
The Rhodesian Ridgeback is an all-purpose hound dog originated in Africa. Considered a “Renaissance Hound,” the Rhodesian Ridgeback is whip-smart and adaptable, leading to them being ranked 41st of 193 breeds by the American Kennel Club. The Rhodesian Ridgeback was created in Southern Africa in the late 1800s to guard …
The Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever, affectionately referred to as a Toller, is the smallest of all the retrievers. Intelligent, affectionate, and possessing boundless energy, the Toller is ranked 83rd out of 193 breeds by the American Kennel Club. The Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever, sometimes called the “Decoy Dog,” …
Often referred to as the Peter Pan of the sporting group of breeds, the Flat-Coated Retriever is a youthful, energetic gundog who is most at home when retrieving game on land or in water. The American Kennel Club ranks the Flat-Coated Retriever 91st out of 193 total breeds. Once Britain’s …
The Curly-Haired Retriever is one of the oldest breeds of retriever today. They are known to be whip-smart, confident, and protective. The Curly-Haired Retriever is the 162nd ranked breed of 193 by the American Kennel Club. Don’t let their lack of popularity fool you, though; this is a versatile, playful …
The Chesapeake Bay Retriever is a powerful retrieving dog developed in Maryland. They are a great sporting breed, but they make for an excellent family dog as well. Said to be the descendants of two Newfoundlands named Sailor and Canton, found in a shipwreck in the area in 1807, today …
The Wire Fox Terrier is an independent and athletic hunting dog known for their playful personality. Wire Fox Terriers are a nearly identical breed to Smooth Fox Terriers, distinguished only by differences in their coat. The Wire Fox Terrier ranks 101 out of 193 in the AKC’s Breed Popularity ranking. …
The Great Dane is a friendly giant, imposing yet elegant and sure to turn heads. The breed originated in Germany, and it is unknown why they are associated with Denmark. Historically, Great Danes hunted wild boar and other large game alongside German noblemen. Today, they are large and affectionate family …
The Glen of Imaal terrier is a gentle terrier breed, scruffy yet lovable and energetic. The breed originates in Ireland and is named after the remote and mountainous Glen of Imaal. Historically, the breed worked alongside the farmers of the region to hunt badgers, perform odd jobs around the farm …
The powerful Giant Schnauzer is one of three Schnauzer breeds, together with the Standard and Miniature Schnauzers. The Giant Schnauzer ranks 78 out of 193 in the AKC’s Breed Popularity ranking. The Giant Schnauzer was bred in the Bavarian Alps of Germany from the Standard Schnauzer in the mid-1800s. They …
The German Pinscher is a bold and courageous breed best known as fearless watchdogs. They are one of the oldest German dog breeds and the ancestor of other pinschers including the Doberman Pinscher and the Miniature Pinscher. Their name is derived from the Germanic form of the French word pincer, …
The Old English Sheepdog (OES) is a big, agile dog who enjoys exploring. The name Old English Sheepdog is something of a misnomer. As a breed of the late 1700s, the OES is not particularly old by canine standards. By blood, they aren’t fully English; possible OES component breeds include …
The Norwich Terrier is among the seemingly endless variety of terriers bred to control Britain’s rodent population. In addition to being ratters, Norwich were used in packs on fox hunts, and so were bred to be more sociable than the usual independent-minded terrier. The breed’s American history began in 1914, …
For centuries Lundehunds were bred on Vaeroy, a remote and rocky island off the Norwegian coast. Puffins nest in crevices in the island’s cliff walls. Islanders depended on pickled puffin meat to sustain them through long Arctic winters, and the strong, flexible Lundehund was the only way to reach them. …
The Norwegian Elkhound is a robust spitz type known for his lush silver-gray coat and dignified but friendly demeanor. The durable Elkhound is among Europe’s oldest dogs. The name Elkhound acknowledges the breed’s age-old quarry, the giant elk, or moose. Elkhounds specialized in following the scent trail of these magnificent …
The densely coated Norwegian Buhund, a Nordic spitz-type closely associated with the Vikings, is a medium-sized cold-weather worker adept at herding and guarding. As family dogs, Buhunds are smart, affectionate, and steadfastly devoted. There’s truth to the romantic tales of Buhunds who sailed with Nordic invaders, the Vikings, some 1,200 …
Known for their cute, smiling faces and agreeable nature, the Pembroke Welsh Corgi is one of the most popular, recognizable dogs in the world today. Bred initially for herding, the Corgi’s popularity has soared in recent years, landing it at spot 13 out of the 193 breeds ranked by the …
One of the most instantly recognizable dog breeds, the Pekingese is an elegant, regal toy-sized dog. In fact, the breed was originally founded as a companion to the imperial family of China. Indeed, the name Pekingese is derived from Peking: the former name for the capital of china. The American …
Often mistaken for the Jack Russell Terrier, the Parson Russell Terrier is actually its own, distinct breed, and has been recognized as such since 2003. First developed in Southern England in the 1800s, the Parson Russell was bred to help foxhounds hunt down foxes. As such, they are smart, independent …
Tiny in size but large in personality, the Papillon is a fun, friendly breed of toy dog. Known for their signature large ears, the Papillon (French for “butterfly”) is the 54th ranked breed of 193 according to the American Kennel Club. If you want a dog that has the brains, …
The Otterhound can best be described as a big, shaggy, affectionate clown. They are friendly, laid-back and have a great sense of humor. Ranked 182nd out of 193 breeds by the American Kennel Club, the Otterhound is among the rarest breeds in the world (rarer than even the giant panda), …
In the 1830s, the Bull Terrier was introduced as an offshoot of the English Terrier and Bulldog. It didn’t take long before someone had the idea to shrink the full-sized Bull Terrier into a miniaturized version ideal for tracking down and exterminating rats. Alert, fun-loving, deceptively strong, and incredibly energetic, …
Bred in the 1960s from a selective group of small Australian Shepherds, the Miniature American Shepherd is essentially a scaled-down Aussie. Though smaller than the Australian Shepherd, the Miniature American Shepherd offers much of the same intelligence, skill, and loving companionship as its larger progenitors. These little herding dogs have …
The Mastiff, or Old English Mastiff, as it is sometimes referred to, is one of the quintessential gentle giant breeds. Revered as a hardened warrior in historic battles, the Mastiff has also served faithfully alongside people as a guard dog and hunter. History even mentions Julius Caesar’s infatuation with this …
A hybrid-like British dog combining the best of the terrier and the hound, the Manchester Terrier is a very interesting and unique dog that comes in both standard and toy sizes. Originally conceived by joining the Black and Tan Terrier with a Whippet, the Manchester Terrier is part coursing hound …
The breed dedicated to the little island south of Italy is adored as a pampered pet across the world, and stakes its claim to the 37th most popular American Kennel Club breed. For thousands of years, people have doted over the tiny Maltese, including the Greeks of the 4th and …
The Bouvier des Flandres is a truly impressive dog. Large, powerful and dark, they are remarkable for their thick dark coats and heavy bearded heads. Founded in Flanders in the middle ages, the Bouvier was bred to herd and guard cattle. In fact, the name Bouvier des Flandres means “the …
The Boston terrier, also known as the American gentleman, is a frisky, kind little dog from the nonworking group. The story goes that the breed can trace their lineage back to a single dog, Judge, born in the late 1860s in Liverpool, England. In 1870, judge was brought to Boston …
It can be difficult to be everything to everyone, but the Boxer dog is able to do this successfully! Bold affectionate friendly and athletic, the Boxer’s a great pet for nearly any family. Modern boxers can be traced back to Germany in the late 1800s. The Boxer’s roots however run …
The Briard is a large French herding breed. Many call this breed “a heart wrapped in fur,” but don’t take the fluffy faces lightly. Briards are dedicated and formidable herding and guard dogs. Dating back to the early Middle Ages, 3 yards were developed as cattle herders and guardians, as …
The Brittany is among the most classic of the hunting dogs. Lithe and graceful with boundless energy and intelligence to match, they are excellent hunting dogs. The Brittany is an antique French breed, with roots in western France in the late Middle Ages. Developed over time to be a versatile, …
The Smooth Fox Terrier is an energetic, curious dog with a spirited nature and a knack for mischief. Despite the stature of this breed, they’re not for the owner who desires a calm lapdog. As the name suggests, the Fox Terrier was developed for foxhunting. When the fox went underground, …
Energetic, amiable, and clever, the Finnish Spitz is a multitalented hunting breed which has made the transition into companion dog. Also known as the “Finkie,” this dog is the national dog of Finland. These dogs were originally bred for hunting birds; as “bark pointers,” they would track a bird into …
Athletic, good-natured, and clever, the Finnish Lapphund is a herding breed once used to hunt reindeer. Over the years, hunting turned to shepherding, and the “Lappie” developed the smarts and agility to keep up with the job. Today, the Finnish Lapphund is well known for its friendly and gregarious demeanor, …
The Entlebucher Mountain Dog is not a well-known breed, coming in at a popularity number of 157 of 193. This spunky, active breed has a larger-than-life personality. Fiercely protective, extremely intelligent, and astonishingly active, the Entlebucher can be an overwhelming kind of dog for the owner who isn’t a proper …
Also known as the King Charles Spaniel or the “Charlie,” the English Toy Spaniel is a lovable, gentle dog developed for companionship. Ranked at number 135 of 193 in AKC’s popularity list, this dog isn’t well known among the toy breeds. Though popularized in Europe through King Charles II’s enjoyment …
Smart, playful, and exceedingly fluffy, the American Eskimo Dog (often called “The Dog Beautiful”) is an excellent choice for anyone looking for the perfect family companion dog. It is ranked just 122nd out of 193 dog breeds recognized by the American Kennel Club, but don’t let the statistics fool you; …
Havanese, the only dog breed native to Cuba, are cheerful little dogs. These bright and sociable companions are becoming especially popular with American city dwellers. During its approximately 300 years in Cuba, the breed was refined, perhaps with Poodle crosses, into today’s Havanese. The most significant event in the breed’s …
Harriers are a medium sized friendly, outgoing and people-oriented as well as swift and prey-driven. Outgoing and friendly, the Harrier is much larger than the Beagle but smaller than another close relative, the English Foxhound. Among the AKC’s rarest breeds, there are probably more theories about Harrier origins than there …
The Greyhound is gentle, noble, and sweet-tempered with an independent spirit. They are sighthounds and one of the oldest breeds of dogs. Sighthounds are hunting dogs that pursue running game by sight rather than by scent. For thousands of years these graceful hounds with their inverted S-shape has been an …
The Greater Swiss Mountain Dog is a large, extremely strong worker famous for a dense coat of black, red, and white markings. Swissies descend from war dogs brought over the Alps by Julius Caesar’s troops. The Swiss used these mastiff-types when breeding their Alpine mountain dogs. Of these, Swissies are …
Pyrs were bred centuries ago to work with shepherds and herding dogs in the Pyrenees Mountains, the natural border between France and Spain. The Pyr’s job was to watch the flock and deter predators, whether wolves, bears, or livestock thieves. Their innate patience came in handy when sitting atop a …
The Kuvasz (plural, Kuvaszok) is a profoundly loyal breed with origins in ancient Turkey and Tibet. Part of the Working group of dogs, Kuvaszok were brought to Hungary in the middle ages as majestic guardians of livestock and companions of kings. Kuvaszok are extremely patient- they had to keep a …
The Komondor (Komondorok, plural), also known as the Mop Dog or Hungarian Sheepdog, has for centuries been known as the king of Hungarian livestock guardians. Part of the Working group of dogs, this strong, powerful animal has been declared one of Hungary’s national treasures that should be protected at all …
The Kerry Blue Terrier, otherwise known as the Kerry, owes its name to its Irish origins. During the struggle for Irish independence, the Irish patriots actually used the Kerry Blue Terrier as their people-oriented mascot. A part of the Terrier group, this hard-working farm dog was known for its versatility …
The Keeshond (Keeshonden, plural), sometimes called “The Barge Dog”, is a Spitz breed that is a member of the Non-Sporting group, famous for the “spectacles” on his pointed face. Bred to be a hardy and agile guard and companion on Dutch barges, the unpretentious “people’s dog” became a symbol of …
The Japanese Chin, otherwise known as the Japanese Spaniel, is a tiny, cat-like companion dog in both appearance and temperament. The breed’s beginnings have been long debated, but most people agree that the Japanese Chin originated in China and was eventually brought over to Japan as a gift to the …
Pitbull, the American Pitbull Terrier, was a result of a crossbreed between a bulldog and a terrier. The aim was to produce dogs that have strength of bulldogs and feistiness of terriers combined. This aim was achieved as pitbulls are strong, powerful and aggressive dogs. They were bred in 19th …
A mere fraction of the size of a full-blown Greyhound, the Italian Greyhound makes up for its small frame with a big heart and a distinctive personality. The Italian Greyhound is a rare breed in the sense that its sole purpose was to be a companion suited for affection and …
Towering above other dog breeds, the Irish Wolfhound proudly lays claim to the title of the American Kennel Club’s tallest dog breed. The Irish Wolfhound’s long history is filled with fascinating stories of this breed’s grandeur and tremendous size. For well over 1500 years, the Irish Wolfhound has been documented …
The Irish Terrier is a regal dog with a striking red coat and a long history as a purposeful working companion. Admitted to the American Kennel Club in 1885, the Irish Terrier is one of the oldest terrier breeds. Famed in its home country, the Irish Terrier is not hugely …
The only native dog of the small island country of Iceland, the Icelandic Sheepdog is anything but common. Accompanying Vikings on their trek to Iceland, this beautiful, hardy breed is beloved by its home country, and has even been featured on national postage stamps. Though only recently admitted to the …
Almost as old as history itself, the Ibizan Hound has been around for over 5,400 years. Inducted into the American Kennel Club in 1978, the Ibizan Hound is rather rare, ranking 152nd of a total 193 American Kennel Club breeds. Ibizan Hounds were prized as the skilled hunting companions of …
Sometimes termed Sicilian Greyhounds, the Cirneco dell’Etna breed is known for its roots in Sicily almost 3,000 years ago. However, it is thought that the Cirneco dell’Etna actually did not originate first in Sicily, but rather in Egypt or Libya. In fact, “cirneco” literally means “dog of Cyrene”, otherwise known …
One of the oldest dog breeds in the world, the Chow Chow has been recorded in Chinese history in the form of drawings and statues for more than 2000 years. The distinct, broad head, giant fur, smushed face, and one-of-a-kind black tongue of the Chow Chow make its appearance unmistakable. …
Originally bred in New Hampshire, the Chinook was used as a strong freighting dog and sled racer as part of the Working dog group and was eventually brought to Alaska at the height of the gold rush. The Chinook is named after the Native American word meaning “warm wind”. Once …
At one time the rarest dog breed in the world, The Chinese Shar-Pei has made a popularity comeback in recent years. The breed originated during China’s Han Dynasty as a peasant’s dog- a useful animal to hunt, herd, and guard livestock. Communist China nearly drove the breed to extinction with …
Despite its name, the Chinese Crested breed probably originated in Africa, not China. However, in was likely brought to China and then bred to be smaller for use as a rodent hunter on Chinese ships. Later on, the breed was brought to South America. The “crested” portion of the name …
The Bedlington Terrier has the oldest non-broken pedigree of all the purebred terriers, dating back to 1782 in England. Despite their historic lineage and delicate appearance, these dogs were actually work dogs that were used in coalmines and to kill rats, badgers, and other vermin. While these dogs had many …
The Basenji dog may be the world’s oldest dog breed with evidence of their existence in 300BC and earlier. The breed has been depicted through ancient Egyptian, Babylonian, and Mesopotamian art, and paleontologists believe the dogs were given as gifts for Egyptian pharaohs as they were transported along the Nile …
The Beauceron is a breed that is well known in France as being one of the best and largest sheepdogs that can herd sheep and cattle without frightening them. Also used to guard homes and families, this breed’s protection instinct and ability to follow commands proved to be useful during …
Basset Hounds are often recognized for their gentle, lazy disposition and their big brown eyes and long ears, but these dogs have a lesser-known history as hunting dogs. In 7th century France, hounds were being bred in different strains to produce hunting dogs for various purposes. One of the strains …
Excitable, reliable, and bright, the Bearded Collie is a lovable breed that radiates an upbeat attitude. While the origins of this breed are not known for certain, we know the breed has been around since at least the 1500s. Bearded Collies are best known for their herding ability, with their …
Sharing a striking resemblance to the Yorkshire Terrier, from which it descends in part, the Australian Terrier is a unique and surprisingly tough little dog. Though its unpopular ranking of 140 in a pool of 193 American Kennel Club dogs doesn’t do it justice, these dogs are quite special, and …
Despite its name, the Australian Shepherd, or Aussie, actually owes its lineage to Europe and the United States. Today, the Australian Shepherd is the 17th most popular dog in the United States among the American Kennel Club’s 193 recognized breeds. Strikingly beautiful and with seemingly endless quantities of energy, Australian …
The Australian Cattle Dog ranks 55th of 193 American Kennel Club dog breeds. One of the most intelligent and energetic breeds, the Australian Cattle Dog, also known as the Blue Heeler, is a relative of the dingo, the wild dog native to Australia. The Australian Cattle Dog has played a …
The Anatolian Shepherd, sometimes referred to as a Kangal, is a unique dog that simply can’t be missed. Large and wild-looking, the Anatolian Shepherd is the 90th most popular dog of 193 American Kennel Club registered breeds. Anatolian Shepherds have one of the longest and most interesting histories of any …
Muscular and full of courage, the American Staffordshire Terrier, colloquially known as the AmStaff, is a wonderful and loyal companion. Originally bred as a fighting and baiting dog in 18th and 19th century Great Britain, the American Staffordshire Terrier has evolved into a loving and social breed, adored by dog …
The Chihuahua is a tiny dog with a huge personality. A national symbol of Mexico, these alert and amusing “purse dogs” stand among the oldest breeds of the Americas, with a lineage going back to the ancient kingdoms of pre-Columbian times. Chihuahua-like dogs decorate the artifacts of lost civilizations around …
The Cesky Terrier, national dog of the Czech Republic, is a clever and adventurous playmate for kids and an eager walking buddy. The originator of the Cesky was a Czech breeder and geneticist Frantisek Horak. After nearly 30 years of research and breeding Scottish Terriers with Sealyham Terriers the Cesky Terrier …
Cavalier King Charles Spaniels combine the gentle attentiveness of a toy breed with the athleticism of a sporting spaniel. Originating from the Renaissance time, they are named after King Charles II. The name Cavalier is a nod to the monarchist party that supported the beheading of Charles I during the …
Cardigans are powerful workers of surprising speed and grace. Cardigan Welsh Corgis were named for the medieval kingdom of Cardiganshire, Wales, and is the oldest of all British breeds. The Cardigan’s original work was to go before his master’s cattle herd and clear the way by chasing off potential predators and …
The Cane Corso is a smart, trainable, assertive and confident breed. The Corso’s lineage begins in ancient Roman times, and the breed’s name roughly translates from Latin as “bodyguard dog.” When the Western Empire ended, Italy’s soldiers and the small population of surviving Corsi were out of work forcing them …
The Coton de Tulear is a charming companion dog best known for its natural long, white coat. The breed derives its name from the port of Tulear in Madagascar, where it originated, and the French word “coton”, meaning cotton. Today, the Coton de Tulear is ranked number 81 out of …
Few herding dog breeds are more recognizable than the loveable Collie, popularized by the canine movie character, Lassie. Friendly and easy to train, the Collie makes a wonderful companion for individuals and families alike. This breed originates from Scotland and Wales, and is sometimes referred to more specifically as the …
The Bloodhound is one of the largest scent hounds and has been sniffing out deer, wild boar, and people since the Middle Ages. Most likely descended from hounds kept at the Abbey of Saint-Hubert in Belgium, the breed is famed for its keen sense of smell and ability to discern …
The Black Russian Terrier, created in the USSR in the late 1940s, is also known as the Chornyi Terrier (chornyi is Russian for black). Despite the name, this breed is not a true terrier; Black Russian Terriers are most likely a combination of more than seventeen breeds including the Airedale, …
The Black and Tan Coonhound was created in the United States, more specifically the mountainous regions of the Ozarks and Smokies, by crossing Bloodhounds and Foxhounds. The original coonhound, Black and Tans were bred to hunt raccoons and opossums but have also been utilized in the pursuance of mountain lions, …
Bichon Frise is a type of Bichon, a group of related dog breeds characterized by large, dark eyes, short snouts, tails curled over the back, and hair that does not readily shed. All Bichons were bred as small, gentle companion animals and are thought to have originated somewhere in the …
The Bernese Mountain Dog is one of four large dog breeds originating from the Swiss Alps. This breed hails from the canton of Bern, an agricultural area vital to Switzerland’s dairy production. Bernese Mountain Dogs worked as farm dogs: accompanying alpine herders and dairymen, herding and protecting cattle, and even …
Originally from Germany, the Affenpinscher name comes from the word Affe, which, in German, means monkey- an ode to the tiny, monkey-like face of the Affenpinscher, which is also sometimes referred to as the Zwergaffenpinscher, meaning dwarf pinscher. In France, the Affenpinscher is known as the Diabletin Moustache, which literally …
The Berger Picard is a leggy herding dog with a strong, sturdy build and wiry, distinguished looking features. From Picardy, France the Berger Picard is believed to be the oldest pasture dog developed by French shepherds. The Picard nearly went extinct during the two world wars because Picardy was the …
Bergamascos are highly intelligent, loving, and trainable. They are a shepherding breed with an origin back thousands of years from Persia (in the area that is now Iran). These hardy shepherding dogs worked with their nomadic masters, tending and herding flocks of sheep in the harsh mountain climates from Persia …
The Belgian Tervuren is a herding dog from Tervuren, Belgium and is traced to the late 19th century. The Tervuren is a strong mix of beauty and grace with intelligence and work ethic. The Terv isn’t just a herding dog anymore. It is used as a guide for the blind …
The Belgian Sheepdog is a highly trainable herder whose history can be traced back to the late 19th century. Although initially a shepherd or sheepdog, the Belgian Sheepdog was a versatile animal. They performed many jobs through the first decade of the Twentieth Century for police forces throughout Belgium, Paris, …
The Belgian Malinois is a herding dog that commonly work as police dogs. They were first bred around the city of Malines in the northwestern region of Belgium. In America, the Malinois has been registered as a separate breed since 1959. He resembles the German Shepherd Dog but his head is …
Strong boned, independent, and protective, the Akita comes from the northern mountain region of Japan known as the Akita Prefecture. Akitas are a mixture of Chow Chows, Japanese Kai and Tosa dogs and were bred to hunt bears. Once known as a bred only for the wealthy, Akitas are now …
The American English Coonhound, also known as the English Coonhound or the Redtick Coonhound, is a classic American dog breed with deep roots in our history. These delightful dogs were developed in the American South and on the frontiers in the early nineteenth century. With lineage tying them back to …
Regal, glamorous, a symbol of elegance-the Afghan Hound has a long-standing reputation as a unique and independent breed. As their name implies, these graceful dogs originated in the harsh climate of the Middle East, among the Afghani mountains. They were originally bred as hunters, earning their keep with help from …
The Airedale Terrier is the largest breed of terrier, earning it the nickname “King of the Terriers.” This medium black-and-tan dog breed was originally created in the valley of the River Aire, located in Yorkshire, England, to catch otters and rats. The breed garnered worldwide recognition during World War I, …
The Alaskan Malamute is a strong, heavy-duty breed classified with working group dogs. They are intelligent and quick to learn, watchful and alert, and bred to haul sleds and other gear through the snow. Alaskan Malamutes were named after an Inuit tribe based in the northern part of Alaska called …
This newly accredited terrier is the first hairless breed to originate from the United States. Known for its intelligence, the American Hairless Terrier is friendly, playful, and is popular amongst allergy sufferers due to its hairless coat. The American Hairless Terrier first originated from Louisiana in 1972 when a single …
One of the most recognizable dog breeds in the world, the short-legged, long-bodied Dachshund was first documented in the 16th century. Today, the dachshund is ranked number 12 of 193 dog breeds recognized by the American Kennel Club. Also known as the Teckel, Dackel, and Badger Dog, the Dachshund hails …
If you’ve adopted your new four-legged family member from a shelter, you have done a wonderful thing! You’ve saved one of the millions of homeless dogs a fur-ever home. Unfortunately, however, not all dogs are as lucky to get adopted; countless homeless dogs don’t even make it to a shelter …
You love your fur-baby more than anything in the world, and just like any other member of your family, you want to keep him well protected. Unfortunately, however, despite your best efforts to keep your pooch safe, there are some things that seem impossible to control, such as a parasitic …
When your pup is all cuddled up in his dog bed and deep in slumber, does the sound of a buzz saw coming from his snout jostle you? When your pooch is tucked away in his dog crate and curled up on his dog crate mat, do you hear an …
Whenever you take your pup out for a walk on his dog harness or dog collar, does he run up to any dog every dog he meets and sniff their butts? Does your pooch drop his rope and tug toy that he was so intently playing with at the dog …
In your eyes, your fur-baby is the cutest thing in the world. From the way he bounces around after his plush dog toys to the way he curls up in his dog bed – and even how he wags his tail with excitement when he sees you grab his dog …
Just like humans, canines can limp; but, unlike humans, our furry friends are unable to tell us what’s causing their limping. Also known as lameness, canine limping occurs when a dog is unable to walk properly. Limping can vary; for example, a pup may be unable to put all of …
Just like humans, our canine companions can develop diabetes. Dogs who suffer from this chronic condition do not produce enough or any insulin, or the insulin that they do produce is not effective. If you have recently learned that your four-legged companion is diabetic, it’s vital that you adjust his …
Is your fur-baby expecting babies of her own? Has she recently given birth to a litter of adorable little puppies? If you answered ‘yes’ to either of these questions and your pet is due for vaccinations, you might be wondering if it’s safe. Inoculations and medications for dogs are extremely …
When you snap your pup into his dog collar or dog harness for his daily walk, are you afraid that he’s going to snap at any other canines he might come into contact with? Does one of your canines growl or bite his fur-siblings over dog treats, plush dog toys …
There have been a lot of changes to dog food in recent years. Grain free dog food, limited ingredient diets, organic dog food, human-grade dog food, raw dog food, freeze-dried dog food… it seems like there’s something new being advertised all the time, and it’s really hard to keep up. …
Dog food has changed a lot in recent years. It’s always been known that canines need to eat a well-balanced, highly nutritious diet that meets their nutritional needs; however, in the past, many commercial dog recipes were made with a host of unhealthy ingredients, such as byproducts, additives, and artificial …
Dog doors can be the best of both worlds. While we have outlined reasons to not have a dog door, we have also touched on why smart homes are excitedly installing smart dog doors at rapid paces. But what types of dogs benefit most from the installation and use of …
Bragging about your home automation setup and smart home is great. However, not pushing these benefits to your furry friend is a fool’s errand. As such, more and more people with smart homes are opting to install smart pet doors in their homes. But why? Let’s dig in. SMART DOG …
While dog doors, including the new and fascinating world of automatic dog doors, are a convenient option for your furry friend, they come with several drawbacks that should be known before making a purchase decision. Here are a few to be aware of before pulling the trigger on a dog …
There’s nothing cuter than your furry best friend. The way he proudly struts his stuff when he’s proudly sporting his dog harness on a walk; how his tail wags with total enthusiasm whenever he sees you lift up his dog bowl and fill it with his favorite dog food, or …
Does your furry best friend love to cover you with slobbery wet kisses? More than likely, the answer to that question is a resounding ‘yes’; but did you ever stop to wonder why he licks you? It turns out that there are a few reasons why canines like to lick …
Panting is a normal – and important – canine behavior. It’s their way of cooling off, as it expels excess heat and water from the tongue, as well as the lungs, much the same way sweating cools of human beings. In fact, panting can be equated to the canine equivalent …
Every species in the animal kingdom communicates, including canines. For our four-legged friends, that communication can vary; for instances, when your furry pal wags his tail, it’s likely that he’s telling you he’s very happy; when the hair along his back stands up, he might be telling you that he’s …
Cryptorchidism is the medical term for un-descended testicles in male animals. It is a pretty common complication that occurs in a variety of species, including canines. If one or both of your furry friend’s testicles have not descended into his scrotum, you should make arrangements to have him neutered. Cryptorchid …
Able-bodied, hard-working, loyal, astute, and kind the Golden Retriever is one of the most beloved canine companions in the United States. A member of the Sporting Group, this breed holds the third-ranking position of the 193 breeds that are registered with the American Kennel Club. The strikingly beautiful Golden Retriever …
For many homeowners with pets, going on vacation or out of town for a few days means dropping Fido off at the “pet motel.” However, that reality is changing. Over one-quarter of U.S. consumers have more than three Smart Home devices, many of which can be used to keep Fido …
Devoted, affectionate, self-assured, and protective, the Rottweiler is a member of the Working Group. This large breed dog has been given a negative stigma, as many people associate their tough, muscular appearance with viciousness; however, nothing could be further from the truth. The Rottweiler dates back to the Roman Empire. …
The Yorkshire Terrier is often considered a “froufrou” dog, but it is anything but. This member of the Toy Group is actually quite playful, strong-willed, and friendly. Of the 193 breeds registered with the American Kennel Club (AKC), it ranks 9th, making the Yorkshire Terrier one of the most popular …
Extremely intelligent, proud, and active, the Poodle is often regarded as a delicate dog, but it’s anything but. They love to play and show off, and are more apt to bound through dirt and splash through puddles than they are to be prim and proper. The Poodle is the national …
Friendly, loyal, hard-working, and energetic, the Labrador Retriever is one of the most beloved dog breeds; in fact, out of 193 breeds, this member of the working dog group is ranked #1 by the American Kennel Club. While their moniker leads one to believe that they hail from Labrador, Canada, …
Courageous, kind, hard-working, quick-witted, and obedient, the German Shepherd is a hailed as one of the most popular dog breeds in the world. Of the 193 dog breeds registered with the American Kennel Club, the German Shepherd is ranked #2. Originated in Germany, the German Shepherd was standardized by Captain …
If you are looking for a small sized dog that is easily adaptable, funny, smart, and affectionate, the French Bulldog may be a good choice for you. Of the 193 breeds that are registered with the American Kennel Club, the “Frenchie” ranks #6, making it one of the most popular …
Friendly, cheerful, charismatic, and loyal, the Beagle makes a wonderful companion dog, as it was bred to hunt rabbit and deer in packs and likes to be surrounded by others. Due to their sweet nature and their attractive looks, the Beagle is one of the most popular canines and the …
Smart dog doors are a feature-rich option beneficial to both pets and their owners. These options are a wonderful next step from an electronic dog door. They also work seamlessly with your smart home and home automation systems. There are many reasons to install a smart dog door in your …
Fun-loving, amiable, clever, and eager to please, the German Shorthaired Pointer (GSP) is a member of the American Kennel Club’s (AKC) Sporting Group. Originally bred for hunting, today, this breed serves as a lovable human companion. Of the 193 breeds that are registered with the AKC, the GSP ranks #11. …
Courageous, kind, lovable, and easy going, the Bulldog makes a delightful canine companion. This breed ranks fourth of the 193 breeds that are registered with the American Kennel Club, and it’s easy to see why. They’re friendly nature and adaptability make this member of the Non-Sporting Group a good fit …
If you are the parent of a Doberman Pinscher, a Newfoundland, a Bernese Mountain Dog, a Schnauzer, a German shepherd, or any other breed that hails from the working or herding group, there’s no doubt that you are quite familiar with his abounding energy. While these dogs make wonderful companions, …
Just like humans, canines have two sets of teeth: their baby teeth (also known as deciduous, milk or primary teeth) and their adult, or permanent teeth. At about three weeks of age, the baby teeth start to erupt and they are usually all exposed by the age of four months, …
Making sure that your furry best friend is properly cared for is your top priority. You go to great lengths to ensure that he has everything he needs to live a long, happy, and healthy life: you fill his dog bowl with the most nutritious dog food, he sleeps in …
Believe it or not, canines have a third eyelid! Fascinating, right? Known as the nictitating membrane, the third eyelid protects the eye; it contains glands that produce tears that lubricate and cleanse the eye. When the eye is healthy, you’ll never see the third eyelid; however, sometimes, it can bulge …
Do you take your pooch with you everywhere you go? Are you planning a special outing, such as a hike through the woods (don’t forget to bring along a travel dog bowl for water and dog food, and a cooling vest for dogs if it’s going to be hot!)? Or, …
Whether you’re hitting the road or hopping on a jet, you need to be prepared before you take off on vacation with your dog. It’s not enough to buy a crate, carrier, or harness and call it a day. According to the Center for Pet Safety, 86 percent of so-called …
If you’ve recently adopted an older dog, congratulations! You’re in store for a life-changing experience. In addition to being just as lovable and snuggly as a puppy, they also tend to be easier to train; especially when it comes to house breaking. When senior dogs aren’t housebroken, it’s usually because …
Have you recently discovered a lump on your furry friend’s skin? Perhaps you found it while you were scrubbing her down with dog shampoo in her dog bath tub; maybe you felt it while you were going over her coat with a dog brush; perhaps you saw it while you …
If you’re the proud parent of a puppy, you’re going to want to make sure that you provide your pooch with the best care possible to ensure that he grows into a strong dog, healthy adult canine. Puppies have different needs than adult canines; for example, if your puppy is …
Being a pet parent is one of the greatest joys in life, but sadly, it can also be one of the most devastating. Unfortunately, canines do not live nearly as long as they should, and at some point in your pup’s life, you may have to make one of the …
Treats are so important for your canine companion for a variety of reasons. For example, dog training treats serve as a vital tool when you’re working on obedience training or you’re trying to teach your dog new tricks from a dog training book, as they serve as an incentive and …
Ensuring your canine companion eats a highly nutritious dog food is vital for his overall health and well-being. Not only should you select a dog food brand that is made with the most wholesome ingredients, but you should also consider the calorie content of his chow. Why? – Because if …
As a pet parent, you probably know that your four-legged family member can develop a variety of health problems. There are a number of things that you can do to prevent or treat a variety of these conditions; for example, if your pup suffers from allergies or a sensitive stomach, …
Are you trying to teach your dog new tricks with the help of a dog training book? Have you tried everything to get your pooch to walk correctly, including a leash for dogs that pull? Have you considered entering your pup into agility contests? Or, are you simply trying to …
Of all the care you offer your pet, grooming is definitely high on the list of priorities. Bathing your pooch in a dog bathtub with a high quality dog shampoo, puppy shampoo, or medicated shampoo for dogs; giving him a pedicure with a durable pair of nail clippers for dogs; …
This post was contributed by Dr. Mehdi Khalvati, president and CEO of Axxerion USA. In the business world, success depends on how productive each member of the team is around the workplace. That’s why many businesses are looking for new ways to boost productivity and help their employees perform better …
Dogs can have some really endearing traits. Some love to smother their human pack members with wet kisses, some get incredible joy out of chasing a ball out of an automatic fetch machine for hours on end or curling up in their dog bed or dog crate with their favorite …
Tiny paws, sweet eyes, adorable yips, and playful personality; is there anything cuter than a puppy? While there’s no doubt about it, puppies are some of the sweetest creatures on the planet, being the parent of a puppy is a big responsibility. In fact, many might agree that puppies require …
Canines are curious by nature. They love to explore the world around them, and to do that, they often end up nibbling on things that they come into contact with. That’s why it’s so important to make sure that you are vigilant and lock away anything that could potentially harm …
As a pet parent, making sure that your four-legged family member is well cared for is your top priority. Like any responsible pet parent, you go out of your way to make sure that you are offering your furry comrade everything he needs to live his best life; you take …
Your pup isn’t just a pet; he’s a member of your family! That means you go out of your way to make sure that he is as healthy and comfortable as possible. Like any responsible pet parent, you always fill his dog bowl up with a premium quality dry dog …
The time has come: your dog smells less than pleasant and he is in desperate need of a bath. You’ve filled up the dog bath tub, gathered all of the necessary supplies, including a high dog shampoo, medicated dog shampoo (if he has skin issues) or a puppy shampoo (if …
Your home should be a safe haven for all who live in it, including your four-legged family members. As a responsible pet owner, that means that you need to make special accommodations to ensure that your home is as pet-friendly as possible. Offering your pooch a comfortable and supportive dog …
Canines, just like humans, have specific dietary needs, and those needs must be met in order to ensure that they are in optimal health. As a pet parent, your job is to make sure that your pup is eating a healthy, well-balanced diet that includes all of the vitamins, minerals, …
When it comes to caring for a dog, dental health might not be the first thing that comes to mind; however, it’s extremely important to be mindful of your pup’s oral hygiene, as it plays a key role in his overall health and happiness. Just like humans, dogs can suffer …
There is nothing better than the love of a dog. They’re loyal, fun-loving, affectionate, and quite possibly the best species on the planet (at least we think so!); it’s no wonder why they are considered humans best friend. You’re probably quite aware of the fact that there are many different …
Whether you were planning on having your pup get pregnant (perhaps you’re breeding or you just wanted a litter of puppies for your own) or your pooch accidentally got pregnant, it stands to reason that you want to know how long it will take to meet those little puppies. Knowing …
Food allergies seem to have come out of the woodwork in recent years. It seems like everyone you talk to is allergic to some type of food; peanuts, tree nuts, eggs, dairy, wheat… the list goes on and on! Humans aren’t the only ones who can suffer from food allergies; …
The sound of your dog’s incessant itching is enough to drive you up a wall! If it’s making you crazy, imagine how your poor pup feels? There’s nothing more uncomfortable than having an itch that you just can’t scratch! As a pet parent, your pooch looks to you to provide …
“Do dogs get headaches?” It might sound like a strange question, but it really is a reasonable question to ask. After all, you’ve probably suffered from quite a few headaches in your lifetime, and you know how debilitating they can be; as such, it only stands to reason that you …
As a pet parent, the health, safety, and well being of your four-legged family member is your top priority. The type of dog food that you feed him plays a big role in all of these things. According to animal nutritionists and veterinarians, feeding your pet a premium quality dry …
Your dog is your pride and joy; he’s your fur-baby and you love him more than life itself! There’s nothing that you love more than showing him off and letting him enjoy interaction with other dogs and people and hearing all of the praise that he receives; that is, until …
It’s a scene that far too many pet parents are familiar with: they quietly get out the dog shampoo, the medicated dog shampoo, the puppy shampoo (or whatever other type of shampoo they use), the dog brush, the nail clippers for dogs, the towels – and all of the other …
Aging is a part of life for all species, including canines. Just like humans, dogs’ bodies and brains show the signs of aging; in a lot of ways, those signs are very similar to their human counterparts. If your pooch is getting on in years, it’s very likely that he …
Dogs, like people, make mistakes. It’s not that they are trying to get into trouble; in fact, dogs are naturally good-natured beings! When pups get into trouble, it’s usually because they are curious, haven’t received proper training, or because they are anxious. You might feel the urge to scold or …
You love your four-legged friend with all of your heart and you love pampering him like the prince that he is. He sleeps in the most comfortable and supportive dog bed; he has multiple containers overflowing with all types of play things, including interactive dog toys, puzzle toys for dogs, …
Dogs, like people, have various body parts, and each one serves a specific function. The purpose of some of those canine features is pretty obvious; without their feet, for example, they wouldn’t be able to go on those enjoyable walks on their dog harness or wear those super adorable dog …
Just like humans, canines have unique nutritional needs. As a pet parent, you want your pooch to live a long, happy, and healthy life, and in order for him to do that, it’s vital that you are providing him with a premium quality dog food that contains the essential nutrients …
It’s no secret that feeding your canine companion is one of the most important parts of pet parenting. On the surface, it might seem like choosing a dog food for your pooch is a pretty simple and straightforward process; however, when you actually head out to the pet store, you’ll …
